The Middle Ages are often depicted as a time of male-dominated warfare, where knights and kings led armies while women remained confined to domestic roles. However, history reveals that some women defied societal norms, taking up arms and leaving a lasting legacy. Were female warriors of the medieval era merely legends, or did they truly exist? Let’s explore the reality behind the myths.
Historical Women Warriors
While rare, women warriors were not unheard of in the Middle Ages. Some fought alongside men, led armies, or defended their lands when necessary.
- Joan of Arc (1412–1431): Perhaps the most famous female warrior, Joan of Arc led French forces during the Hundred Years’ War. Claiming divine guidance, she played a key role in several victories before being captured and executed.
- Matilda of Tuscany (1046–1115): A powerful noblewoman who led military campaigns in support of the Papacy against the Holy Roman Emperor.
- Jeanne de Clisson (1300–1359): Known as the “Lioness of Brittany,” she became a pirate to avenge her husband’s execution, attacking French ships with her black fleet.
- Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians (870–918): A ruler of Mercia who led military efforts against Viking invasions in England.
Women in Combat Roles
Though medieval society largely discouraged women from becoming warriors, some circumstances allowed them to take up arms.
- Siege Defenders: Noblewomen often took charge when their husbands were away, leading castle defenses against attackers.
- Cross-Dressing Soldiers: Some women disguised themselves as men to fight, with records of female knights and soldiers appearing in historical accounts.
- Peasant Revolts: Women sometimes joined uprisings, particularly during times of extreme hardship.
Fact vs. Myth
Many medieval tales feature warrior women, but distinguishing truth from legend can be challenging.
- The Valkyries: Norse mythology includes these fierce female warriors who guided fallen heroes to Valhalla.
- Brunhild and Other Legends: Germanic and Arthurian legends feature formidable women, but their historical basis is unclear.
- The Order of the Hatchet: A supposed all-female knightly order formed in Spain, though historical evidence remains scarce.
Conclusion: Reality Behind the Legend
While not common, women warriors did exist in the Middle Ages, often emerging in times of necessity or rebellion. Their contributions, though sometimes overlooked, shaped history and challenged societal norms.
At Nordic Smith, we celebrate the spirit of medieval warriors—both men and women—with our collection of historical weapons and armor. Explore our selection and embrace the legacy of the past!